Gods and Goddesses of the Egyptians
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Gods and Goddesses of the Egyptians
Gods and Goddesses of the Egyptians
Aker | God of the earth and the dead. Guards the place where the eastern and western horizons meet, as well as the gate through which the pharaoh enters the underworld. Depicted as a strip of land with both ends forming the heads of a lion or human, or two lions facing in opposite directions. |
Amathaunta | Goddess of the sea. |
Amaunet | Mother Goddess and personification of the life-giving northern wind. Pictures as a snake or snake-head wearing the crown of lower Egypt. |
Ament | Goddess who welcomed the spirits of the newly dead at the gates of the underworld with bread and water. |
Amun | Originally a god of wind and ruler of the air, became the all-powerful sun deity of Thebes and then supreme ruler of the gods. |
Amun-Re | Combination of gods Amun and Re or Ra, used as the name of Amun when he became the national god of Thebes and Egypt. |
Andjety | God of the underworld, responsible for the rebirth of souls in the afterlife. |
Anhur | Warrior and hunter god. Personified the royal warriors. |
Ankt | Spear-carrying Goddess of war. |
Anouke | Elder Goddess of war. Pictured with bow and arrows. |
Anti | Guardian deity and god of ferrymen. |
Anubis | God of the dead and embalming, and protector of cemetaries and burial tombs. He holds the scales which weigh the hearts of the dead; if the heart is light, the soul will be taken to Osiris. If the heart is heavy, it will be destroyed. Pictured as a man with the head of a jackal or dog. |
Anuket | Goddess of the Nile river and nourisher of the fields. Pictured with a crown of reeds and ostrich feathers. |
Apep | God of chaos, darkness and evil. He battles with the sun god Re">Re to keep the sun from returning to the world on its nightly journey through the underworld. |
Apis | Bull god and sacred bull of Memphis. |
Arensnuphis | Benign god of Egyptian Nubia and a companion of Isis. Seen as a lion or a man wearing a plumed crown. |
Aten | God of the sun and name of the visible solar disc. Aten was, for a time, the only god of Egypt during the reign of Akanaten, but the land returned to polytheism on the pharaoh's death. Pictured as a solar disc with rays that end in human hands, holding the ankh. |
Atum | Primordial sun god and creator of the world. He is the evening or setting sun. |
Ba | Ram god and a god of fertility. Invoked by women in the hopes that he would help them conceive. |
Babi | Demonic god said to live on human entrails. He helped to devour the hearts of those deemed unworthy in the ceremony of the weighing of the heart. |
Banebdjetet | Ram god of lower Egypt. Pictured as a man with a ram's head. |
Bastet | Cat headed Goddess of Egypt. A solar and later lunar deity. |
Bat | Cow Goddess of fertility. Pictured as a cow or as a woman with the ears and horns of a cow. |
Bes | Grotesque dwarf god. Said to guard households against evil spirits and misfortune. Also a god of joviality, dancing, singing and happiness. |
Beset | Female version of the god Bes. |
Buto | Snake Goddess of the oracle at Buto and protector of the Egyptian royal family. |
Chenti-cheti | Falcon or crocodile god. |
Chenti-irti | Falcon god of law and order. |
Cherti | Ferryman of the dead and protector of the pharaoh's tomb. Pictured as a ram or a man with a ram's head. |
Chnum | Ram god who makes the Nile delta fertile and suitable for agriculture. |
Chons | God of the moon and the master of time. |
Chontamenti | God of the dead and the land of the west. Seen as a dog or dog's head with horns. |
Dedun | God of wealth and incense. Pictured as a man or a lion. |
Dua | God of toiletry. |
Duamutef | Guardian of the east and a funerary god. He protected the stomach of the deceased. |
Ennead | Council of the gods, specifically those of the Osiris pantheon. |
Geb | Seb. |
Re: Gods and Goddesses of the Egyptians
Hah | God of the sky. He represents the limitless expanse of the sky, and is pictured with his arms spread wide to support it. |
Hapi | Personification of the Nile River. Pictured as a fat man to signify abundance. Also, a funerary god and son of Horus. Protected the lungs of the deceased. |
Har-nedj-itef | Form of the god Horus. Protector of the dead. |
Har-pa-khered | Horus as a child. Invoked to ward off dangerous creatures. Known as Harpocrates by the Greeks. |
Hathor | One of the main Goddesses of Egypt, Hathor is the celestial cow and protector of women and the Queen of Egypt. She is the Goddess of love, children, pregnancy, dancing, singing, and poetry. She has been associated with many other Goddesses, including Sekhmet, Bastet, Beb, and Isis. Often pictures as a cow with the sun disk between it's horns or as a woman wearing a disc and horns headdress. |
Hatmehit | Fish Goddess. |
Hauhet | Goddess of immeasurable infinity. Often pictured as a frog or a woman with a frog's head. |
Hedetet | Scorpion Goddess. |
Heh | One of the gods who represented infinity. Pictured as a frog or a man with the head of a frog. |
Heket | Goddess of childbirth and protector of the dead. Seen as a frog or a woman with the head of a frog. |
Hemen | Falcon god. |
Hemsut | Goddess of fate. |
Hesat | Cow Goddess and Goddess of milk. |
Hez-ur | Baboon god. |
Hike | God of supernatural powers. Doctors were called priests of Hike because they invoked the deity during their work. |
Horus | Name for a number of gods, all of which invoke the sun, kingship and victory. Horus in his many forms was a protector and warrior god, and the sun and moon were considered his eyes. He was often pictures as a hawk or hawk-headed man. |
Ihu | God of the sistrum, a sacred rattle. |
Ihy | Son of Hathor. A god of music and dancing. Pictured as a child holding a sistrum, or sacred rattle. |
Imiut | Protective deity of the underworld. |
Imset | One of the four protective deities of embalming. Protected the liver of the deceased. |
Inmutef | Deity who bears the heavens. |
Ipet | Goddess of childbirth and 'mother of the two lands'. Pictured as a hippopotamus. |
Isis | One of the most popular goddesses of Egypt. The divine queen and mother of the heavens, both sister and wife to Osiris and mother of Horus. She was the protector and mother-figure of the pharaohs and the protector of women, children and sailors. |
Joh | God of the moon. |
Kauket | Primordial who rules the darkness of primal chaos. |
Kebechet | Goddess who represents purification through water. A major Goddess of the funeral cult, she is pictured as a snake. |
Kebechsenef | One of the four gods of embalming. Protector of the lower viscera of the deceased. |
Kemwer | Black bull god. |
Khem | God of fertility, agriculture and human reproduction. Pictured as a mummy. |
Khentamenti | Ancient jackal-headed god of the dead. Later recognized as Osiris. |
Khentimentiu | God who rules the destiny of the dead. Called the 'dog of the dead'. |
Khepri | Scarab beetle god. Said to roll the sun across the horizon in the same way that scarab beetles roll balls of dung through the desert. Symbolized rebirth, renewal and everlasting life. Seen as a beetle, man with the face of a beetle, or man with a beetle on his head. |
Khnum | God who created the bodies of the gods and men on his potter's wheel. Pictured as a ram-headed man. |
Kuk | God of the darkness of primal chaos. With Kauket, produces the twilight at the end of the day. |
Maahes | God of punishment for transgressions. Invoked to protect the innocent. Seen as a lion or lion-headed man with a knife. |
Ma'at | Goddess of truth, judgment and order. She represented the concepts of justice and universal order, and all judges were her representatives. Pictured as a woman with a large ostrich feather in her crown. |
Mahes | God of the summer heat an called 'Lord of the Massacre'. Pictured as a lion or man with a lion's head. |
Mehturt | Sky-Goddess. Represents the time of morning and the waters from which Re (the sun) emerged. Seen as a giant cow with the solar disk between her horns. |
Mendes | Nature god. |
Menhit | Goddess of war. Seen as a lioness. |
Menthu | God of war. Pictured as a man with a falcon's head. |
Meret | Goddess of song and rejoicing. |
Meretseger | Goddess of the mountain overlooking the Valley of the Kings. Protected the royal tombs from disturbance. Seen as a cobra or a scorpion with the head of a woman. |
Mesenet | Egyptian Goddess of childbirth. She forms the child in the womb and the ka, or spirit, of the child. Also seen as Goddess of fate or fortune. |
Meskhenet | Goddess of midwives and the birth chamber. |
Min | God of fertility, vegetation and male virility. Often evoked at the coronation of the pharaoh to ensure his sexual prowess and production of a male heir. Seen as a man holding a flail in his right hand and his erect penis in his left. |
Mnewer | Sacred black bull of the sun. Worshipped for his fertility and oracles. Pictured with the solar disk between his horns. |
Mut | Primordial Goddess of the sky and the 'mother of mothers'. Seen as a vulture or a woman with the head of a vulture, wearing bright red or blue robes. |
Naunet | Goddess of the primordial abyss of the underworld. Her male counterpart is Nun. |
Nefertem | God of the lotus and the rising sun. Pictured as a man with a cluster of lotus blossoms on his head, sometimes on the back of a lion. |
Nehebkau | Serpent god who guards the entrance of the Underworld and accompanies the sun god Re on his nightly journey through it. Seen as a snake with human arms and legs. |
Neith | Goddess of war and weapons, including the weapons of the hunter. Also the Goddess of weaving, she provided the wrappings for the mummies' bodies. |
Nekhbet | Vulture Goddess of Upper Egypt and protector of the infant pharaoh. She was present at the birth of the future rulers of Egypt. Pictured on the pharaoh's crown. |
Neper | God of grain, particularly barley and wheat. |
Nephthys | 'Mistress of the House". Goddess who meets and teaches the newly dead, as well as comforting the members of their family left alive. Also involved with childbirth. Seen as a woman or a Kite (bird). |
Nepit | Grain Goddess. Female counterpart of the God Neper. |
Nun | God and primeval water that circles the entire world. The most ancient of gods, even Re, the sun, arose from him. Depicted as a man holding the solar boat above his head. |
Nunet | Goddess of the ocean. |
Nut | The sky Goddess, and literal personification of the sky and the heavens. Along with her husband, Seb, forms the natural world. She is the barrier between chaos and the order of the world. Portrayed as a naked woman painted dark blue with stars on her body. |
Re: Gods and Goddesses of the Egyptians
Osiris | Important god of Egypt. Seen as the god of the dead and the underworld, although worshipped as a god of fertility, resurrection and vegetation. Married to the sky-Goddess Isis. Killed by his brother Set and chopped into pieces. The pieces were found by Isis and reformed, and he was mummified and resurrected. Re, the father god, did not allow him to stay in the land of the living, but sent him to the Underworld to be the god and judge of the dead. Seen as a mummified man. |
Pachet | Goddess of the desert. |
Petbe | God of retaliation and revenge. |
Ptah | A creator god of Memphis, seen as a patron to craftsmen and especially stoneworkers. Pictured as a mummified man with only his hands free to grasp a scepter. |
Qetesh | Originally a Syrian Goddess, worshipped in Egypt as a Goddess of love. Possible connection with Hathor. |
Re | The most important of the gods in Egypt. The personification of the sun. The actual sun was said to be either his body or his eye. He traveled in the sun boat across the sky each day, and through the Underworld at night to make a complete circuit of the cosmos. Sacred god of the pharaohs, who were said to be 'sons of Re'. Pictured as a man with the head of a falcon. |
Renenet | Goddess of plenty and good fortune. |
Renenutet | Goddess of the harvest. Could ensure the plentiful production of fields with one look. Pictured as a snake. |
Renpet | Goddess of Spring and youth. |
Resheph | Warrior god. |
Sai | Deity of destiny. |
Sakhmet | Also known as Sekhmet. Bloodthirsty and violent Goddess of war and divine vengeance. She is seen as the Goddess who accompanies the pharaoh into battle, as well as the Goddess of plague and disease. Pictured as a woman with the head of a lioness. |
Satet | Goddess of the flooding Nile and fertility. |
Seb | God of the Earth, and husband of Nut. One of the primordial forces of nature, Seb is seen as personifying the earth and fertility. He was pictured as black and green, the colors of Nile mud and vegetation. Thought to imprison the souls of the wicked so that they could not ascend to Heaven. |
Sebek | Crocodile god, he represented the fertility of the Nile and the might of the pharaohs. Seen as a crocodile or man with a crocodile's head. |
Seker | Funerary god, the patron of craftsmen who create tombs and items used in funeral services. Sometimes seen as a form of Osiris. Pictured as a man with the head of a hawk. |
Septu | God of war. |
Serket | Scorpion Goddess. Teacher of the dead and protector of the canopic jars which house the bodily organs of mummies. Pictured as a woman with a scorpion-shaped headdress. |
Seshat | Goddess of writing, mathematics, building-schemes, histories and historical records. A daughter of Thoth, she kept the royal annals of the pharaohs. |
Sesmu | God of oil and wine pressing. |
Set | God of chaos, hostility and possibly evil. He was a protector of the desert, but caused dust storms that could kill unwary travelers. Killed his brother Osiris and scattered the pieces of his body throughout Egypt. Later fought Osiris' son Horus, who vanquished him and became king of the Gods. Seen as a man with a head of indeterminable origin, possibly an aardvark, or as a dog. |
Shai | Goddess of Fate, usually seen with Reneret, or fortune. |
Shu | God of air. Father of Nut, whom he holds high above Seb(earth). |
Sia | Primeval Goddess embodying the Mind. |
Sons of Horus | Sons of the god Horus who assist the dead in their journey to the Underworld. Their heads are on the canopic jars and the four corners of the sarcophagus. They are Imset, Hapi, Duamutef and Kebechsenef. |
Sopdet | Fertility Goddess and the Dog Star, Sirius. With the appearance of Sirius, the Nile floods began and Sopdet became associated with the fertility of the floods. She was later merged with Isis. |
Taouris | Goddess of pregnancy and birth. Pictured as a hippopotamus with a huge belly standing on her hind legs. |
Tatenen | Vegetation god and the mound of earth which rose from the primordial waters. Seen as a man with ram's horns and a crown of feathers. Identified with Ptah. |
Taurt | God of good fortune and childbirth. Seen as a hippopotamus with a crocodile's head and lion's feet. Protector of women before, during and after childbirth. |
Tefnut | Goddess of moisture. Produced Seb and Nut with Shu. |
Tenenit | Goddess of beer. |
Thoth | God of wisdom and the mind, inventor of writing and patron of scribes and scholars. Messenger and mediator of the gods, he questioned the dead at the Weighing of the Heart. Seen as a man with the head of an Ibis, or as an Ibis or baboon. |
Uneg | Plant god. |
Un-nefer | Name of Osiris in his capacity as Judge of the Dead. |
Unut | Hare Goddess. |
Wepwawet | God of the openings and the dead. He opened the way into battle, and opened the way for the dead into the Underworld. Seen as a jackal. |
Wosyet | Goddess protector of the young. |
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