Roman Gods and Goddesses
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Roman Gods and Goddesses
Roman Gods and Goddesses
Abeona | Goddess who protects children when they leave the parents' home for the first time. |
Abundantia | Goddess of abundance and good fortune. Her attribute is a cornucopia ("horn of plenty") with which she distributes grain and money. |
Adeona | Goddess who guides children back home after leaving the parents house for the first time. |
Aequitas | God of Honest Deals and Fair Transactions. |
Africus | God of the Southwest wind. |
Alemonia | Goddess who feeds unborn children. |
Angerona | Goddess of Secrecy and protector of Rome. She was shown with a bandaged mouth and a finger to her lips as if imploring silence. Her festival is December 21. |
Angita | Goddess of Healing and Witchcraft. |
Anna Perenna | Goddess of the New Year provider of food. Her festival is March 15 and she is honored at the full moon. |
Antevorte | Goddess of the Future. |
Aquilo | God of the North Wind. |
Aradia | Goddess of Witches in the Tuscany region of Italy. She is the daughter of Diana and her brother Lucifer (moon and sun) and came to earth to teach the witches her mother's magic. |
Aurora | Goddess of the Dawn. |
Auster | God of the South Wind. |
Bacchus | God of Wine and Intoxication. |
Bellona | Goddess of War and Battles, her worship was popular among Roman soldiers. She accompanied Mars in battle, and was either his wife or sister. Her festivals are celebrated on March 24 (the Dies Sanguinis, the Day of Blood) and June 3. Bellona's attribute is a sword and she is depicted wearing a helmet and armed with a spear and a torch. |
Bona Dea | The 'good goddess', she was the protector of women and the matron of both fertility and virginity in females. She was especially revered by matrons. Also a goddess of healing. Her festival is on May 1, the nights of May 3-4, and December 3. Her day is Wednesday. Bona Dea was portrayed sitting on a throne, holding a cornucopia. The snake is her attribute, a symbol of healing. |
Bubona | Goddess of horses and cattle. Equated with the Celtic goddess Epona, whose worship was carried to Rome by the army after invading Gaul. |
Camenae | Goddesses of Wells and Springs. In Rome, they were worshipped in a sacred forest at the Porta Capena. |
Candelifera | Goddess of Birth. |
Cardea | Goddess of Thresholds, especially doors and thereby the home, and of children against evil spirits. Sacred tree the hawthorn. |
Carmenta | Goddess of Childbirth and Prophecy. Festivals on January 11 and 15. A triple Goddess with her two sisters: Porrima 'Looking Forward'; and Postvorta 'Looking Back'. Inventor of the arts and sciences as well as the Roman Alphabet. |
Carnea | Goddess of door handles. Festival day June 1. She was made offerings of pork and white beans. Also the goddess of the bodily organs, especially the heart. |
Ceres | Goddess of Corn, Agriculture and Grain. Festivals: February 2, April 1 and 11-19, Auguse 23, September 1, October 4-5, November 8, and December 3. Her days are Wednesday and Friday. Her plants are snowdrop, lily, and narcissus. Her gem is peridot. |
Cinxia | Goddess of Marriage. |
Clementia | Goddess of Mercy and Clemency. |
Cloacina | Goddess of Drains and Sewers which drained refuse under the city of Rome. Her temple was near the Forum, the area drained by the Cloaca Maxima, Romes largest sewer. |
Coelus | God of the Sky and the Heavens. The personification of the sky. His wife is Terra. |
Concordia | Goddess of Concord. She is pictured seated, wearing a long, flowing robe and holding a sacrificial bowl in her left hand and a cornucopia in her right. Her temple was the meeting place of the Roman Senate. |
Conditor | God of Harvesting the crops. |
Consus | God Grain Storage. His animal is the mule. His festivals are on August 21 and December 15. God of Secret Consuls. |
Convector | God of Harvesting Crops. |
Copia | Goddess of Wealth and Plenty. She is pictured with a cornucopia. |
Cuba | Goddess who watches over infants in their cribs and lulls them to sleep. |
Cunina | Goddess of infants. |
Cupid | God of Love. Venus' son. He is seen as either a winged infant with a bow and arrow, or as a youth with his lover Psyche. |
Dea Tacita | Goddess of the Dead and the Earth. The silent Goddess. |
Decima | Goddess of childbirth. With Nona and Morta she forms the Parcae (the three Fates). |
Dei Lucrii | Gods of Profit. |
Devera | Goddess of the Brooms used to purify a ritual site. |
Deverra | Goddess of Women in Labor and the Patron of midwives. |
Diana | The Goddess of the Moon, Fertility, Nature and Childbirth. Mother with Lucifer, her brother, of Aradia, Goddess of Witches. Her festivals are May 26-31 and August 15. On August 13 Diana is invoked to protect the harvest from storms. Her day is Monday. Her gems are: quartz, moonstone, and pearl. Her plants are damiana, almond, mugwort, hazel, moonwort, ranunculus, mandrake and banyan. Her perfumes are jasmine and ginseng along with all sweet smelling roots, camphor, and aloes. Her magical weapon is the bow and arrow. She is worshipped on mountain tops and in sacred forests. She is the patron of the working class and slaves. She is often pictured as a hunter who is acompanied by a deer. |
Dis Pater | God of the Underworld and Treasure in the form of gems and metals of the earth. |
Disciplina | Goddess of Discipline. |
Discordia | Goddess of Discord and Strife who preceeded the chariot of Mars into battle. |
Dius Fidus | God of Oaths of Honor. |
Egestes | Goddess of Poverty. She is the personification of poverty. Virgil mentions her as a demon of the underworld. |
Empanda | Goddess of Openess, Friendliness and Generosity. She is the personification of these qualities. |
Endovelicus | Pre-Roman god of Spain and Portugal who was adopted by the Romans. The God of Health and Welfare. |
Eventus Bonus | God whose name means good ending. He insured success in business and a good harvest. |
Fabulinus | God who taught children their first word. An offering was made to him on this occasion. |
Fama | Goddess of Fame and Rumor. She spread rumors through all the heavens and earth. Sort of the National Enquirer of her day. |
Fauna | Goddess of the Earth, Mother Goddess and Fertility Goddess. Daughter or wife of Faunus. Usually identified with Bona Dea. |
Faunus | God of the Wilds and Fertility. He is the protector of cattle also referred to as Lupercus. He is the giver of oracles. The wolfskin, wreath, and a goblet are his attributes. His festivals are Lupercalia on February 15 and Faunalia on December 5. |
Faustitas | Goddess protectress of Herds of Livestock. |
Favonius | God of the West Wind. The herald of spring. |
Febris | Goddess protectress against fevers. |
Felicitas | Goddess of Success. She is the personification of success. |
Feronia | Goddess of Freedom and Good Harvest. She was often worshipped by slaves to achive their freedom. Her festival is November 15. |
Fides | Goddess of Faithfulness and Good Faith. She was invoked during the signing of treaties and the treaties are kept in her temple. |
Flora | Goddess of Spring and the blooming flowers. Her festival Floralia, is April 28 - May 1. |
Fontus | God of Fountains, Wells and Springs. His festival is on October 13. He is the son of Janus and Juturna. |
Fornax | Goddess of Bread Baking and Ovens. |
Fortuna | Goddess of Fate. Patroness of bath houses and once-married matrons. Shown with a wheel, sphere, a ships rudder, or a cornucopia. Sometimes she is pictured with wings. |
Fulgora | Goddess of Lightning. |
Furies | Goddesses of Vengance. Live in the underworld and torment wrongdoers. Equivalent to the Greek Erinyes. |
Furina | Goddess of Thieves. |
Honos | God of Morality and Military Honor. Pictured as a young warrior carrying a spear and a cornucopia. |
Indivia | Goddess of Jealousy. |
Janus | The God of Gates, Doors, Beginnings and Endings. He is usually pictured as a double-faced god, one face looking in either direction and holding a key in his right hand. He represents beginnings, boundaries, times of change, and transitions. He was worshipped at the beginning of the harvest, the beginning of planting, at marriages, at births; in short at all times of transition or the start of things. The month of January is named after him. |
Juno | Queen of the Gods. Jupiters wife and sister, sister to Neptune and Pluto, daughter of Saturn, mother of Juventas, Mars, and Vulcan. Protectress of the Roman state. She was the guardian of the Empire's finances and considered the Matron Goddess of all Rome. The Matronalia, her major festival is March 1-2. Her other festival, on July 7-8, was called Nonae Caprotinae ("The Nones of the Wild Fig"). In addition, other festivals to Juno took place on January 1, February 1-2, March 7, June 1-2, and November 13. Her tree is the olive. Her animals the eagle and peacock. Her perfume galbanum. The month of June was named after her. |
Re: Roman Gods and Goddesses
Jupiter | Ruler of the Gods. He is the god of Sky, Lightning and Thunder. He is the son of Saturn and brother of Neptune, Pluto and Juno, who is also his wife. His attribute is the lightning bolt and his symbol the eagle, who is also his messenger. He was also considered the Patron god of Rome, and his temple was the official place of state business and sacrifices. |
Justitia | Goddess of Justice. Often pictured blindfolded, holding a set of scales and a sword or scepter. |
Juturna | Goddess of Lakes, Wells and Springs. Her festivals are January 11 and August 23. Also the wife of Janus. |
Juventas | Goddess of youth. |
Lactans | God of Agriculture. |
Lares | Guardian spirits of the house and fields. Possibly a remnant of ancestor worship, these spirits were protectors of individual Roman families, who had shrines to their Lares in their homes. |
Laverna | Goddess of Unlawful Gain and Trickery. The patron of thieves, con artists and frauds. |
Liber | Old Italian God of Fertility and Nature. The festival day for Liber and his wife Libera is on March 17. He was later believed to be a counterpart of Dionysus. |
Libera | Fertility Goddess. Wife of Liber. Later equated with Proserpina. |
Liberalitas | God of Generousity. |
Libertas | Goddess of Freedom. Pictured as a female figure with a pileus (a felt cap, worn by slaves when they were set free), a wreath of laurels and a spear. |
Libitina | Goddess Funerals. Her temple contained all of the necessary impliments for funeral services. A piece of money had to be brought to her temple whenever anyone died. Later equated with Proserpina. |
Lima | Goddess of thresholds. |
Lucifer | God of the Morning Star, the planet venus, and the son of Aurora. Dianas brother and with her produced Aradia. |
Lucina | Goddess of Childbirth and Midwifery. She who brings children into light". Later equated with Juno. |
Luna | Goddess of the Moon. Later identified with Diana and the Greek Selene. |
Maia | Goddess of Fertility and Spring. Probably the goddess for whom the month of May is named. Often equated with Fauna and Ops. |
Maiesta | Goddess of Honor and Reverence. Wife of Vulcan. |
Mania | Goddess of the Dead. Guardian with Mantus of the Underworld. Referred to as the mother of ghosts. Her name means insanity and she is the personification of madness. |
Mars | God of War. one of the most important of Roman deities. He was originally a god of the earth, spring, and fertility. He is the son of Jupiter and Juno, and may be the father of Romulus and Remus. |
Matuta | Goddess of the Dawn, Harbors and the Sea. Patron of newborn babies. Her festival day is June 11. |
Meditrina | Goddess of Wine and Health. Her name means healer. Her festival is the Meditrinalia on October 11. |
Mefitis | Goddess of Poisonous Vapors from the earth. She was worshipped especially in volcanic areas and swamps. |
Mellona | Goddess and Protector of Bees. Her name comes from the word for honey. |
Mena | Goddess of Menstruation. |
Mens | Goddess of the Mind and Consciousness. Her festival is May 8. |
Mercury | God of Trade, Profit, Merchants and Travellers. His main festival, the Mercuralia, was celebrated on May 15 and on this day the merchants sprinkled their heads and their merchandise with water from his well near the Porta Capena. The symbols of Mercury are the caduceus (a staff with two intertwined snakes) and a purse (a symbol of his connection with commerce). Pictured dressed in a wide cloak, wearing winged sandals and a winged hat. He was eventually identified with the Greek Hermes. |
Messor | God of Agriculture and Mowing. |
Minerva | Goddess of Wisdom, Learning, the Arts, Sciences, Medicine, Dyeing, Trade, and of War. Wife of Jupiter. protectress of commerce, industry and education. Honored at the spring equinox with her main festival, March 19 - 23, called the Quinquatria. On June 13 the minor Quinquatrus was observed. Her gem is the ruby. Her plants the tiger lily, and geranium. Her animals the ram and owl. Her perfume is dragons blood. She is often equated with the Greek Athena and the Etruscan Menrva. |
Moneta | Goddess of Prosperity. |
Mors | God of death. Equivalent of the Greek Thanatos. |
Morta | Goddess of death and one of the three Parcae. |
Muta | Goddess of Silence. She is the personification of silence. |
Mutinus Mutunus | God of Fertility. Invoked by women seeking to become pregnant. Portrayed as a phallus. |
Naenia | Goddess of Funerals. |
Necessitas | Goddess of Destiny. Similar to the Greek Ananke. |
Nemestrinus | God of the Woods. |
Neptune | God of the Sea. Brother of Jupiter, Pluto and Juno. The God and patron of Horses and Horse Racing as Neptune Equester. Neptunalia was celebrated on July 23. The trident is Neptune's attribute. Similar to the Greek Poseidon. |
Nona | Goddess of Pregnancy. She was called upon in the ninth month of pregnancy when it was time for the child to be born. One of the Parcae with the Goddesses Morta and Decima, the Roman Fates. |
Nox | Personification of the night. |
Nundina | Goddess of the ninth day, on which the newborn child was given a name. |
Re: Roman Gods and Goddesses
Obarator | God of ploughing. |
Occator | God of harrowing. |
Ops | Goddess of the Fertile Earth, Abundance, Sowing, Harvest and Wealth. The sister and wife of Saturn. One of her festivals is on August 10, another festival was the Opalia, which was observed on December 9. The Opeconsiva, on August 25 is her primary festival, but is participated in only by her priests and the Vestal Virgins. |
Orbona | Goddess of parents who lost their children. She could grant them more and parents prayed to her for this purpose. |
Orcus | God of Death and the Underworld. Also a god of oaths and punisher of perjurers. |
Pales | Goddess of Shepherds and Flocks.Her festival was the Palilia, on April 21. |
Parcae | Goddesses of Fate. Similar to the Greek Moirae. The Goddesses Nona, Morta and Decima make up the group. The three Parcae are also called Tria Fata. |
Pax | Goddess of Peace. Her festivals are January 3 and 30 and July 4. Her attributes are the olive branch, a cornucopia, and a scepter. |
Penates | Gods of the storeroom and the household. The were worshipped at the hearth and given a part of each meal. |
Picus | God of Agriculture. Had the gift of prophecy. |
Pietas | Goddess of Piety and a sense of duty to the state and the Gods. |
Pluto | God of the Underworld. The son of Saturn, brother to Jupiter and Neptune. Pluto's wife was Proserpina, whom he captured. Black sheep were given as sacrifices to Pluto. Equivalent to the Greek Hades. |
Poena | Goddess of Punishment. |
Pomona | Goddess of Fruit Trees and Orchards. Her attribute is the pruning knife. |
Portunes | God of Ports and Harbors. He is the guardian of storehouses and locked doors. His attribute is a key. The Portunalia were observed on August 17, and on this festival keys were thrown into the fire to safeguard them against misfortune. |
Porus | God of Plenty. |
Postverta | Goddess of the Past. |
Priapus | God of Gardens, Viniculture, Sailors and Fishermen. He is a fertility god, shown wearing a long robe that exposes an unusually large and erect phallus. |
Prorsa Postverta | Goddess of women in labor. She who oversaw the position of the fetus in the womb. |
Proserpina | Wife of Pluto, identical to Persephone. |
Providentia | Goddess of Forethought. |
Pudicitia | Goddess of Modesty and Chastity. |
Puta | Goddess of the pruning of vines and trees. |
Quirinus | Italian god whose origins are uncertain and worship is not well-known. His consort is Hora. He was usually depicted as a bearded man who wears clothing that is part clerical and part military. His sacred plant is the myrtle. His festival, the Quirinalia, was celebrated on February 17. |
Quiritis | Italian Goddess of Motherhood. |
Robigo | Goddess of Corn. |
Robigus | God who protected corn from diseases. His festival, the Robigalia, took place on April 25. |
Roma | Personified Goddess of the City of Rome. She is portrayed as a helmeted woman sitting on a throne, holding a spear and a sword. Resting against her throne is a shield. |
Rumina | Goddess of Nursing Mothers, both human and animal. |
Salus | Goddess of Health and Prosperity. Her attribute was a snake or a bowl and her festival was celebrated on March 30. Equivalent to the Greek Hygieia. |
Sancus | God of Oaths and good faith. He is also called Semo Sancus Dius Fidus. |
Saritor | God of Weeding and Hoeing. |
Saturn | God of Agriculture and the sowing of seeds. Married to Ops. The father of Jupiter, Ceres, Juno and many others. Saturnalia began on December 17 and lasted for seven days. During this festival, businesses closed and gifts were exchanged. Saturday is named after him. Equivalent to the Greek Cronus. |
Securitas | Goddess of Security and Stability. |
Semonia | Goddess of Sowing. |
Silvanus | God of Forests, Groves, Wild Places and Boundaries. A fertility God associated with flocks and herds. His attributes are a pruning knife and a bough from a pine tree. Equated with the Greek Pan. |
Sol | God of the sun. The same as the Greek Helios. Later worshipped as the God of the State, Sol Invictus, who had been imported from Syria. |
Somnus | God of Sleep. The same as the Greek Hypnos. |
Sors | God of Luck. |
Spes | Goddess of Hope. Shown as a young woman holding a cornucopia and a flower. |
Stata Mater | Goddess who guards against fires. Sometimes equated with Vesta. |
Stimula | Goddess who incites passion in women. Equated with the Greek Semele. |
Strenua | Goddess of Strength and Vigor. Worshiped at new year. |
Suadela | Goddess Persuasion, especially in matters of love. A member of Venus's retinue. |
Subruncinator | God of Weeding. |
Summanus | God of Night Thunder. His festival is June 20. (Jupiter was the god of thunder during the day.) |
Tellus | Goddess of the Earth. Fordicidia, held on April 15 was her festival. Like the Greek Gaia. |
Tempestes | Goddesses of Storms. |
Terminus | God of the Boundaries between Fields. His sacred object was the boundary stone, which was cleansed and given sacrifices of blood and flower garlands during an annual festival on February 23 to renew the stone's energy. |
Terra Mater | Mother Earth - Goddess of Fertility and the Earth. Fordicidia on April 15 her main festival, with another June 1-3. She watched over marriage, producing children, and the fertility of the soil. |
Re: Roman Gods and Goddesses
Trivia | Goddess of the Crossroads. She is portrayed with three faces and sometimes equated with the Greek Hecate. |
Vacuna | Sabean Goddess of Agriculture. She was worshipped in the sacred forest. |
Veiovis | One of the oldest gods, he is the God of Healing. Veiovis is portrayed as a young man, holding a bunch of arrows (or lightning bolts) in his hand, and is accompanied by a goat. Probably based on the Etruscan god Veive, and equated later with the Greek Asclepius. |
Venus | Originally a Goddess of Gardens and Vinyards, Venus became the major deity of love and beauty after the influx of Greek deities. On August 18 the Vinalia Rustica was observed. A second festival, that of the Veneralia, was celebrated on April 1 in honor of Venus Verticordia, who later became the protector against vice. On April 23 a festival, the Vinalia Priora, celebrated the opening of one of her temples. Other festivals to her were held on: March 10; April 15, 21, 28; May 23-24; June 19; July 19; and October 9. Her day is Thursday. Her gems are the emerald, turquoise, topaz, and cat's eye. Her plants are the rose, myrtle, clover, mallow and sunflower. Her animals are the lynx, sparrow, dove, swan, bull, and lion. Her perfumes are benzoin, rose, red sandalwood, sandalwood, storax and olibanum. She is equivalent to the Greek Aphrodite. |
Veritas | Goddess of truth. |
Vertumnus | God of the changing seasons and the ripening of fruits and grains. He is the patron of fruit trees. |
Re: Roman Gods and Goddesses
Vesta | Goddess of the Fire (both sacred and domestic) and the Hearth. Daughter of Saturn and Ops. Her sacred animal was the ass. Patroness of bakers. Her chief festival was the Vestalia on June 7. Other festivals were on: February 13; March 1; April 28; May 15; and June 9, 15, 24. Her gem is the black diamond. Her plants are orchis root, thistle and indian hemp. Her animals were the ass and the goat. Her perfumes are musk, civet and Saturnian perfumes. One of the most-worshipped Roman deities. She is equated to the Greek Hestia. |
Victoria | Goddess of Victory. Originally a protectress of fields and woods who became Goddess of Romes military success. Equivalent to the Greek Nike. |
Virtus | God of Courage and Military Prowess. |
Vitumnus | God who gave life to children in the womb. |
Volumna | Goddess who Protects the Nursery. |
Vulcan | God of Fire, Blacksmiths and Craftsmanship. His forge is located beneath Mount Etna. It is here that he, together with his helpers, forges weapons for Gods and heroes. Closely associated with Bona Dea with whom he shared the Volcanalia, observed on August 23. Equated with the Greek Hephaestus. |
Vulturnus | God of the East Wind. |
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